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Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göz Hastalıkları A.D., İzmir, Prof. Dr. Vitreoretinal surgery which has mostly 40 years antecedent, developed through the outstanding fundus viewing systems recently. The basis of the viewing optics are stated by direct and indirect systems. The optical science and engineering of the theory are very important for this progression. Either the magnification with details for the macular surgery or the wide angle wieving system which we would be able to see mostly 160 degree by glob movements provide us very high facility during the surgery. Safer and more secure operations in shorter surgical time with minimal trauma could be more possible with these highly qualified optical systems .In this study , optical viewing systems in modern vitreoretinal surgery are rewieved in points of optical,physical and practical aspects. Keywords : Vitreoretinal surgery, viewing systems, wide angle viewing systems