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Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göz Hastalıkları A.D., Ankara, Prof. Dr. When standart operating microscopic viewing was limited or impossible due to visual axis obstruction, endoscopic system is used for both diagnostic and surgical purposes during the vitreoretinal surgery. Ophthalmic microendoscope allows a clear view and to continue the vitreoretinal surgery when anterior segment conditions precluded a posterior view. The endoscope allows the surgeon to visualize the retroiridal space and easy endoscopic endolaser application around the peripheral retinal breaks and on the ciliary processes for associated glaucoma. It is useful to detect the tissue or retina incarceration into the sclerotomies, and confirming correct pars plana infusion cannula placement when not visible microscopically. It is possible rapid assessment of the condition of the macula, retina, and optic nerve, and the feasibility and prognosis of a second procedure in the precence of visual axis obstruction. Microendoscope is very useful for safely complete vitrectomy when microscopic imaging become limited or impossible during vitrectomy. Keywords : Corneal opacity, vitreoretinal surgery, endocyclophotocoagulation, diagnostic vitrectomy