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Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara/TURKEY Evidence-based medicine results provided by various international study groups must be followed in the treatment and follow- up of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy. Based on these findings; early scatter lazer treatment should be initiated in the severe form of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and immediate application of pan-retinal lazer photocoagulation should be started in the case of high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In type 1 Diabetes Mellitus cases with severe vitreous hemorrhage, early vitrectomy is recommended. Optical coherence tomography is a very useful tool regarding diagnosis and follow-up of diabetic macular edema, and it has to be assessed together with the findings of biomicroscopy, fundus angiography and visual acuity. Subclinical macular edema and clinically significant macular edema definitions have to be taken into consideration for the treatment algorithma. Keywords : Diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema optical coherence tomography, fundus angiography