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Bursa Retina Eye Hospital, Bursa/TURKEY In diabetic patients, pars plana vitrectomy surgery might be needed for tractional retinal detachment, intensive fibrovascular membranes or vitreous hemorrhage. Especially, early vitrectomy has a clear-cut advantage for severe vitreous hemorrhage in type 1 diabetic patients. In recent years, transconjunctival vitrectomy with small incision is preferred by many surgeons. The secret of successful vitrectomy depends on cleaning of all fibrovascular membranes and vitreous base, control of hemorrhage, adequate panretinal laser photocoagulation, and using of endotamponade in some patients. During the last few years, intravitreal anti vascular endothelial growth factors have also been used as an adjuvant therapy to reduce intraocular bleeding during vitrectomy as well as to reduce the occurrence of vitreous haemorrhages in vitrectomized eyes. In this review, by combining the reports in the literature and also by drawing from our own experiences, we aimed to provide information about the role of surgical treatment in diabetic retinopathy, the techniques for surgical treatment, the important key points for a successful surgery and the potential complications after surgery. Keywords : Diabetic retinopathy, vitreoretinal surgery