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M.D. Professor, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kayseri/TURKEY Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), primarily affects premature infants and it can cause severe visual disability in childhood. It is characterized by abnormal retinal neovascularizations and it is the main reason of blindness in children in developing countries. The well known major risk factors are premature birth, low birth weight, high oxygen therapy; the others are anemia, blood transfusion, intracranial hemorrhage, multiple birhts and etnicity. In this review we discuss the risk factors in the development of ROP. Keywords : Retinopathy of prematurity