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Prof. Dr., Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Meram Tıp Fakültesi, Göz Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Konya, Türkiye Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents is currently the most commonly performed procedure in the field of retina. In eyes undergoing anti-VEGF treatment, clinicians are frequently challenged with conditions necessitating pars plana vitrectomy. However, for many patients, the chronic and recurrent nature of posterior segment disease necessitates continued intravitreal injections after surgery. Generally, drug clearance has been assumed to increase and drug effectiveness decrease in vitrectomized eyes. Most of the large clinical trials of anti-VEGF drugs were performed in nonvitrectomized eyes and do not answer how the effect of treatment with these drugs may be altered in vitrectomized eyes. Although few animal studies have compared intravitreal anti-VEGF concentrations of vitrectomized eyes with those of nonvitrectomized eyes, it is difficult to draw defi nite conclusions from the available data in vitrectomized human eyes. We aimed to discuss effects of vitrectomy on pharmacokinetics of anti-VEGF agents and clinical outcomes in this review. Keywords : Vitrectomy, anti-VEGF, pharmacokinetics