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MD, MSc, FEBO, Istanbul Retina Institute, Istanbul, Türkiye DOI : 10.37845/ret.vit.2022.31.52 Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a cellular migration and proliferation following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) and is the major cause of failure of RD surgery. Vitreoretinal surgery is the mainstay for management of PVR as there is no proven pharmacologic approach for the prevention or treatment of PVR. In advanced anterior PVR, the retina remains stiff and does not lend itself to reattachment intraoperatively in spite of meticulous dissection of preretinal membranes. In these cases, there is intraretinal fibrosis leading to shortening of the detached retina and the only option remaining is to perform a retinotomy/retinectomy (R/R) in order to relax the retina. Relaxing retinotomy entails incision of the foreshortened and stiffened retina using vertical scissor, whereas retinectomy involves removal of the retina using the vitrectomy probe. Circumferential relaxing R/R is performed parallel to the ora serrata and reduces the radial tractions on the retina. On the othe hand, radial relaxing R/R alone or in combination with circumferential R/R may potentially relieve both the radial and tangential retinal tractions. Relaxing R/Rs have generally been reserved as a salvage attempt for complex RDs with advanced PVR when other procedures, including membrane peeling and/or scleral buckling are ineffective. The need for performing relaxing R/R had been usually associated with limited visual prognosis. However, most recent studies have provided evidence supporting better functional outcomes. Advanced PVR-related RD repair is a complex vitreoretinal procedure. There are multiple intraoperative and postoperative complications following retinectomy surgery leading to a disappointing functional and anatomical results. Keywords : Proliferative vitreoretinopathy, Retinal detachment, Retinectomy, Retinotomy, Silicone oil